18-U.S.C.-953

§953 – Private Correspondence With Foreign Governments

Pathway

Title 18 > Part I > Chapter 45 > Section 953

Details

• Reference: Section 953
• Legend: §953 – Private Correspondence With Foreign Governments
• USCode Year: 2013

Provision Content

Any citizen of the United States, wherever he may be, who, without authority of the United States, directly or indirectly commences or carries on any correspondence or intercourse with any foreign government or any officer or agent thereof, with intent to influence the measures or conduct of any foreign government or of any officer or agent thereof, in relation to any disputes or controversies with the United States, or to defeat the measures of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

This section shall not abridge the right of a citizen to apply, himself or his agent, to any foreign government or the agents thereof for redress of any injury which he may have sustained from such government or any of its agents or subjects.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 744; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §5 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §5, 35 Stat. 1088; Apr. 22, 1932, ch. 126, 47 Stat. 132).

The reference to any citizen or resident within the jurisdiction of the United States not duly authorized who counsels, advises or assists in such correspondence with such intent was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of principal in section 2.

Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative.

Minor changes of arrangement and in phraseology were made.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted fined under this title for fined not more than $5,000 in first par.

U.S. Encyclopedia of Law Coverage

18-U.S.C.-922 in the Legal Encyclopedia: Criminal Law

In this entry about 18-U.S.C.-922, find legal reference material, bibliographies and premiere content related to criminal law in the American Encyclopedia of Law, presenting a comprehensive view of the United States criminal law-specific issues, written by authorities in the field.

18-U.S.C.-951 in the Legal Encyclopedia: Crimes

In this entry about 18-U.S.C.-951, find legal reference material, bibliographies and premiere content related to crimes in the American Encyclopedia of Law, presenting a comprehensive view of the United States crimes-specific issues, written by authorities in the field.

Topic Map

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