28-U.S.C.-1733
§1733 – Government Records and Papers; Copies
Pathway
Title 28 > Part V > Chapter 115 > Section 1733
Details
- Reference: Section 1733
- Legend: §1733 – Government Records and Papers; Copies
- USCode Year: 2013
Provision Content
(a) Books or records of account or minutes of proceedings of any department or agency of the United States shall be admissible to prove the act, transaction or occurrence as a memorandum of which the same were made or kept.
(b) Properly authenticated copies or transcripts of any books, records, papers or documents of any department or agency of the United States shall be admitted in evidence equally with the originals thereof.
(c) This section does not apply to cases, actions, and proceedings to which the Federal Rules of Evidence apply.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 946; Pub. L. 93–595, §2(c), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1949.)
Historical and Revision Notes
Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§661–667, 671 (R.S. §§882–886, 889; July 31, 1894, ch. 174, §§17, 22, 28 Stat. 210; Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 177, §10, 28 Stat. 809; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §§301, 302, 304, 310, 42 Stat. 23–25; May 10, 1934, ch. 277, §512, 48 Stat. 758; June 19, 1934, ch. 653, §6(a), 48 Stat. 1109).
The consolidation of sections 661–667 and 671 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., permitted omission of obsolete, unnecessary and repetitive provisions in such sections. For example, the provision in section 665 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., authorizing the court to require production of documents on a plea of non est factum, was omitted. Such plea is obsolete in Federal practice.
Numerous provisions with respect to authentication were omitted as covered by Rule 44 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Likewise the provision that official seals shall be judicially noticed was omitted as unnecessary. Seals of Federal agencies are judicially noticed by States and Federal courts without statutory mandate. Gardner v. Barney, 1867, 6 Wall. 499, 73 U.S.C. 499, 18 L.Ed. 890, 31 C.J.S. 599 n. 27–30 and 23 C.J.S. 99 n. 41. The same principle unquestionably will apply to seals of Government corporations.
Words of any corporation all the stock of which is beneficially owned by the United States, either directly or indirectly, in section 661 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as covered by or agency. The revised section was broadened to apply to any department or agency. (See revisers note under section 1345 of this title.)
Changes were made in phraseology.
References in Text
The Federal Rules of Evidence, referred to in subsec. (c), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
Amendments
1975—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–595 added subsec. (c).
U.S. Encyclopedia of Law Coverage
28-U.S.C.-1655 in the Legal Encyclopedia: Judiciary
In this entry about 28-U.S.C.-1655, find legal reference material, bibliographies and premiere content related to judiciary in the American Encyclopedia of Law, presenting a comprehensive view of the United States judiciary-specific issues, written by authorities in the field.
28-U.S.C.-1692 in the Legal Encyclopedia: Judicial Procedure
In this entry about 28-U.S.C.-1692, find legal reference material, bibliographies and premiere content related to judicial procedure in the American Encyclopedia of Law, presenting a comprehensive view of the United States judicial procedure-specific issues, written by authorities in the field.
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